Conversion, Detinue, and Trespass to Chattels:

Question: In Ontario, when can a paralegal help me claim trespass to chattels for someone’s wrongful interference with my personal belongings?

Answer: Lippa Legal Services can help you assess whether the conduct amounts to trespass to chattels in Ontario by checking that there was a direct, immediate interference with your possession or control of your chattel (personal property that is unattached to land), such as damage or interference without taking the item from you, which distinguishes it from conversion or detinue where possession is deprived.  If your belongings were vandalized, handled in a disruptive way, or otherwise interfered with while still remaining with you or under your rightful control, you may be able to pursue losses like devaluation and, depending on the facts, general damages and possibly punitive damages for egregious or malicious conduct.  For a quick case review and next steps with a paralegal in Ontario, call (416) 241-4529.

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Wrongful Interference With Personal Belongings

Trespass to chattels is, essentially, the proper civil law term for referring to harm to chattels, meaning objects unattached to land, such as personal belongings including furniture, clothing, appliances, cars, boats, among other things, as well as commercial belongings such as mobile equipment, products and supplies, materials, among other business related objects.

The Law

Trespass to chattels is similar to conversion and detinue whereas all three relate to wrongful interference with a chattel; however, the distinguishing nuance with trespass to chattels is that the object remains in possession or control of the owner or person with rightful possession which differs from conversion and detinue where the owner or person with rightful possession is deprived of possession.  Perhaps the easiest way to explain the difference is to use the criminal law term in that conversion or detinue may arise from theft (criminal law term) of the object, being interference by removing the chattel from the possession of the rightful owner or person with right of possession and trespass to chattels may arise from vandalism (criminal law term) being interference without removal of the chattel.

The elements necessary to give rise to the tort of trespass to chattels were well articulated in Ontario Consumers Home Services v. Enercare Inc., 2014 ONSC 4154, where it was stated:

Claimable Damages

Where chattels, such as an automobile as a personal belonging, or other thing, is harmed per the law of trespass to chattels, a lawsuit may make claim for the resulting actual loss suffered, meaning the devaluation of the object as a result of the harm to the object.  Furthermore, depending on the circumstances, especially where the trespass was troublesome and emotionally disruptive, general damages may be appropriate; and additionally, where the trespass was intentional or egregiously malicious, punitive damages may be applicable.

Conclusion

The tort of trespass to chattels is found within the family of interference torts which include, among others, the torts of conversion and detinue.  The key difference with the tort of trespass to chattels and the tort of conversion or the tort of detinue, is that with trespass to chattels, the chattels, meaning goods or personal belongings, remain with the rightful owner or person with rightful possession.